Why Component 8 carries the standard diode symbol, a triangle pointing into a bar, with two small arrows drawn pointing away from it. Those outward arrows mean the device emits light, so it is a light emitting diode. Current flows from the triangle (anode) toward the bar (cathode), and an LED almost always needs a series resistor to limit that current.
Watch out A regulator IC in these figures is drawn as a plain rectangle or box with three labeled leads (input, output, ground), not a triangle and bar; arrows pointing toward a diode instead of away would make it a photodiode or light-sensitive device.
Arrows pointing AWAY from the diode = light going out = LED. Arrows pointing in = light coming in.