Why In Figure T-1, component 2 is drawn as a circle containing a vertical base bar with two leads coming off it, one of which carries an arrowhead. That arrow on the emitter lead is the giveaway for a bipolar transistor, and the direction it points tells you whether the device is NPN (arrow pointing out, Not Pointing iN) or PNP. The three terminals are base, emitter and collector, which is what lets the part amplify or switch.
Watch out A resistor is a simple zigzag (or plain rectangle) with just two leads and no circle or arrow, so it cannot be the three-terminal device shown here.
Circle + arrow + three leads = transistor. Arrow Not Pointing iN means NPN.