Study › General › G3C › G3C07

G3C07

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION · - Ionospheric regions; critical angle and frequency; HF scatter; near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS)

G3C07G3C →

What makes HF scatter signals often sound distorted?

  1. AThe ionospheric region involved is unstable
  2. BGround waves are absorbing much of the signal
  3. CThe E region is not present
  4. DEnergy is scattered into the skip zone through several different paths
Why Scatter fills the skip zone with weak energy that arrives after bouncing off many small irregularities in the ionosphere (or off the ground/troposphere), so the receiver hears several copies of the same signal that traveled slightly different path lengths. Those copies arrive a few milliseconds apart and add and cancel randomly, which smears the audio and gives scatter signals their characteristic hollow, fluttery, distorted sound. This is classic multipath distortion, the same effect that makes long-path and chordal-hop signals sound rough.
Watch out Blaming an unstable ionospheric region is tempting because ionization really does fluctuate, but that produces fading in amplitude, not the smeared multipath distortion; ground wave absorption and the presence or absence of the E region have nothing to do with how scattered signals sound.
Scatter = many paths at once. Multiple paths, multiple arrival times, mushy audio.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
← G3C06 All of G3C G3C08 →

The rest of G3C

  1. G3C01 Which ionospheric region is closest to the surface of Earth?
  2. G3C02 What is meant by the term "critical frequency" at a given incidence angle?
  3. G3C03 Why is skip propagation via the F2 region longer than that via the other ionospheric regions?
  4. G3C04 What does the term "critical angle" mean, as applied to radio wave propagation?
  5. G3C05 Why is long-distance communication on the 40-, 60-, 80-, and 160-meter bands more difficult during the day?
  6. G3C06 What is a characteristic of HF scatter?
  7. G3C07 What makes HF scatter signals often sound distorted?
  8. G3C08 Why are HF scatter signals in the skip zone usually weak?
  9. G3C09 What type of propagation allows signals to be heard in the transmitting station's skip zone?
  10. G3C10 What is near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) propagation?
  11. G3C11 Which ionospheric region is the most absorbent of signals below 10 MHz during daylight hours?
Baofeng BF-F8HP Pro Dual Band HandheldSponsored · View on Amazon →Icom IC-7300 HF/50MHz Base TransceiverSponsored · View on Amazon →