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G3C06

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION · - Ionospheric regions; critical angle and frequency; HF scatter; near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS)

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What is a characteristic of HF scatter?

  1. APhone signals have high intelligibility
  2. BSignals have a fluttering sound
  3. CThere are very large, sudden swings in signal strength
  4. DScatter propagation occurs only at night
Why Scatter signals reach the receiver by many small ionospheric or tropospheric scattering paths at once, and those paths vary in length and change moment to moment. The many components add and cancel with slightly different delays and Doppler shifts, so the received signal has a rapid flutter or watery, distorted quality. Scatter signals are also typically weak and the audio is hard to copy.
Watch out The choice about high intelligibility is the opposite of reality, since multipath distortion makes scatter phone signals sound rough and hard to understand, and scatter is not a nighttime-only mode. Very large sudden swings in strength describe other fading mechanisms, not the fast flutter of scatter.
Scatter = many scattered paths = flutter. Weak, watery, hard to copy, not crisp.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of G3C

  1. G3C01 Which ionospheric region is closest to the surface of Earth?
  2. G3C02 What is meant by the term "critical frequency" at a given incidence angle?
  3. G3C03 Why is skip propagation via the F2 region longer than that via the other ionospheric regions?
  4. G3C04 What does the term "critical angle" mean, as applied to radio wave propagation?
  5. G3C05 Why is long-distance communication on the 40-, 60-, 80-, and 160-meter bands more difficult during the day?
  6. G3C06 What is a characteristic of HF scatter?
  7. G3C07 What makes HF scatter signals often sound distorted?
  8. G3C08 Why are HF scatter signals in the skip zone usually weak?
  9. G3C09 What type of propagation allows signals to be heard in the transmitting station's skip zone?
  10. G3C10 What is near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) propagation?
  11. G3C11 Which ionospheric region is the most absorbent of signals below 10 MHz during daylight hours?
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