On the Smith chart shown in Figure E9-3, what is the name for the large outer circle on which the reactance arcs terminate?
Why On a Smith chart the family of curved reactance arcs all begin and end on the big circle that bounds the chart, so that outermost circle is called the reactance axis. It represents the locus of zero resistance (pure reactance), which is why every arc of constant reactance terminates there. The straight horizontal line through the middle is the other principal axis, the resistance axis, where reactance is zero.
Watch out The choice naming it the resistance axis fits the straight horizontal center line, not the outer circle, and 'prime axis' and 'polar axis' are not Smith chart terms at all.
Curved reactance arcs end on the curved outer circle: reactance axis. Straight line across the middle: resistance axis.