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E7D15

PRACTICAL CIRCUITS · Power supplies and voltage regulators; solar array charge controllers

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What is the purpose of a step-start circuit in a high-voltage power supply?

  1. ATo provide a dual-voltage output for reduced power applications
  2. BTo compensate for variations of the incoming line voltage
  3. CTo prevent arcing across the input power switch or relay contacts
  4. DTo allow the filter capacitors to charge gradually
Why Large filter capacitors in a high-voltage supply look like a dead short the instant power is applied, so the inrush current can be tens of amps and can blow fuses, damage rectifier diodes, or weld relay contacts. A step-start circuit places a resistor in series with the transformer primary for a fraction of a second, limiting that surge while the capacitors charge, then a timer or relay shorts the resistor out for normal operation. The goal is a gradual charge rather than an instantaneous current spike.
Watch out Contact arcing is a side effect of the inrush current, not the reason for the circuit; the step-start is protecting the diodes, fuses and capacitors from the surge itself. Compensating for line voltage variation is the job of a regulator or a tapped transformer, not a step-start.
Step-start = soft start: a resistor briefly tames the capacitor inrush surge, then gets shorted out.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of E7D

  1. E7D01 How does a linear electronic voltage regulator work?
  2. E7D02 How does a switchmode voltage regulator work?
  3. E7D03 What device is used as a stable voltage reference?
  4. E7D04 Which of the following describes a three-terminal voltage regulator?
  5. E7D05 Which of the following types of linear voltage regulator operates by loading the unregulated voltage source?
  6. E7D06 What is the purpose of Q1 in the circuit shown in Figure E7-2?
  7. E7D07 What is the purpose of C2 in the circuit shown in Figure E7-2?
  8. E7D08 What type of circuit is shown in Figure E7-2?
  9. E7D09 How is battery operating time calculated?
  10. E7D10 Why is a switching type power supply less expensive and lighter than an equivalent linear power supply?
  11. E7D11 What is the purpose of an inverter connected to a solar panel output?
  12. E7D12 What is the dropout voltage of a linear voltage regulator?
  13. E7D13 Which of the following calculates power dissipated by a series linear voltage regulator?
  14. E7D14 What is the purpose of connecting equal-value resistors across power supply filter capacitors connected in se…
  15. E7D15 What is the purpose of a step-start circuit in a high-voltage power supply?
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