What can be added to the output of a transceiver to increase the transmitted output power?
Why Transmitted power is increased by feeding the transceiver's output into an RF power amplifier, a stage that takes the low-level drive signal (often 5 to 100 watts) and amplifies it to a higher output level. In amateur practice this external box is called a linear amplifier or just an amp, and it must preserve the modulation waveform for SSB and digital modes. Note that the total station output still has to stay within the power limits of 97.313.
Watch out A potentiometer is just a variable resistor used to adjust voltage or level in low-power control circuits, and it would only waste RF power as heat; an 'impedance multiplier' is not a real station component, though impedance matching networks do exist and they transform impedance without adding power.
More watts out means more amplification: only an RF power amplifier adds power. Resistors and matching networks never create power.