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T3C01

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION · Propagation modes: sporadic E, meteor scatter, auroral propagation, tropospheric ducting; F region skip; Line of sight and radio horizon

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Why are simplex UHF signals rarely heard beyond their radio horizon?

  1. AThey are too weak to go very far
  2. BFCC regulations prohibit them from going more than 50 miles
  3. CUHF signals are usually not propagated by the ionosphere
  4. DUHF signals are absorbed by the ionospheric D region
Why The ionosphere can only bend signals back to Earth up to a certain maximum usable frequency, which even under the best conditions rarely reaches much above 50 MHz. UHF signals at 430 MHz and up simply pass straight through the ionized layers into space, so there is no skip to return them beyond the horizon. That leaves UHF working essentially line of sight, extending only slightly past the visual horizon because of a small amount of tropospheric refraction.
Watch out The idea that they are too weak is the common trap: power is not the issue, since a high-power UHF signal still will not bend back to Earth. D region absorption is a real effect but it attenuates low HF signals like 160 and 80 meters during the day, not UHF.
UHF goes through the ionosphere, not off it. Above the MUF means no skip, just line of sight.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
All of T3C T3C02 →

The rest of T3C

  1. T3C01 Why are simplex UHF signals rarely heard beyond their radio horizon?
  2. T3C02 What is a characteristic of HF communication compared with communications on VHF and higher frequencies?
  3. T3C03 What is one characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter?
  4. T3C04 Which of the following types of propagation is most commonly associated with occasional strong signals on the…
  5. T3C05 Which of the following effects may allow radio signals to travel beyond obstructions between the transmitting…
  6. T3C06 What type of propagation is responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of…
  7. T3C07 What band is best suited for communicating via meteor scatter?
  8. T3C08 What causes tropospheric ducting?
  9. T3C09 What is generally the best time for long-distance 10-meter band propagation via the F region?
  10. T3C10 Which of the following bands may provide long-distance communications via the ionosphere's F region during th…
  11. T3C11 Why is the radio horizon for VHF and UHF signals more distant than the visual horizon?
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