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T3A05

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION · Radio wave characteristics: how a radio signal travels, fading, multipath, polarization, wavelength vs absorption; Antenna orientation

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When using a directional antenna, how might your station be able to communicate with a distant repeater if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path?

  1. AChange from vertical to horizontal polarization
  2. BTry to find a path that reflects signals to the repeater
  3. CTry the long path
  4. DIncrease the antenna SWR
Why VHF and UHF signals reflect well off large flat surfaces like metal buildings, water towers and hillsides. If the direct line of sight is blocked, you can rotate a directional antenna away from the repeater and aim at a reflecting object, bouncing the signal around the obstruction. This is a common technique in cities, where you often hear yourself best pointing at a building rather than at the repeater itself.
Watch out Trying the long path applies to HF signals traveling the other way around the world via the ionosphere, not to local VHF/UHF repeater work. Changing polarization on VHF FM usually loses signal, since repeaters are almost always vertically polarized, and raising SWR only wastes power.
Blocked path? Point the beam at a big building and bounce the signal in.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of T3A

  1. T3A01 Why do VHF signal strengths sometimes vary greatly when the antenna is moved only a few feet?
  2. T3A02 How does vegetation affect UHF and microwave signals?
  3. T3A03 What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance CW and SSB contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?
  4. T3A04 What is the effect of antenna cross-polarization over a line-of-sight VHF or UHF path?
  5. T3A05 When using a directional antenna, how might your station be able to communicate with a distant repeater if bu…
  6. T3A06 What is the meaning of the term "picket fencing"?
  7. T3A07 What weather condition might decrease range at microwave frequencies?
  8. T3A08 What is a likely cause of irregular fading of signals propagated by the ionosphere?
  9. T3A09 Which of the following results from the fact that signals propagated by the ionosphere are elliptically polar…
  10. T3A10 What effect does multi-path propagation have on data transmissions?
  11. T3A11 Which region of the atmosphere can reflect HF radio waves?
  12. T3A12 What effect does fog or rain have on 10-meter and 6-meter band signals?
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