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E8C10

SIGNALS AND EMISSIONS · Digital signals: digital communication modes; information rate vs. bandwidth; error correction; constellation diagrams

E8C10E8C →

How can data rate be increased without increasing bandwidth?

  1. AIt is impossible
  2. BIncreasing analog-to-digital conversion resolution
  3. CUsing a more efficient digital code
  4. DUsing forward error correction
Why Bandwidth is set mainly by the symbol (baud) rate, not by how many bits each symbol carries. If you use a more efficient code, for example a higher-order modulation that packs more bits into each symbol, or a source code that wastes fewer bits, you move more data per second at the same symbol rate and therefore the same occupied bandwidth. Constellation diagrams show this directly: going from 4 points to 16 points doubles bits per symbol with no change in symbol rate.
Watch out Forward error correction is tempting, but FEC adds redundant check bits, so at a fixed symbol rate it lowers the net user data rate; it buys reliability, not throughput. Analog-to-digital resolution affects how finely an analog source is digitized, which actually creates more bits to send, not a faster channel.
Bandwidth follows baud, not bits. Pack more bits per symbol with a better code and the bandwidth stays put.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
← E8C09 All of E8C E8C11 →

The rest of E8C

  1. E8C01 What is Quadrature Amplitude Modulation or QAM?
  2. E8C02 What is the definition of symbol rate in a digital transmission?
  3. E8C03 Why should the phase of a PSK signal be changed at the zero crossing of the RF signal?
  4. E8C04 What technique minimizes the bandwidth of a PSK31 signal?
  5. E8C05 What is the approximate bandwidth of a 13-WPM International Morse Code transmission?
  6. E8C06 What is the bandwidth of an FT8 signal?
  7. E8C07 What is the bandwidth of a 4,800-Hz frequency shift, 9,600-baud ASCII FM transmission?
  8. E8C08 How does ARQ accomplish error correction?
  9. E8C09 Which digital code allows only one bit to change between sequential code values?
  10. E8C10 How can data rate be increased without increasing bandwidth?
  11. E8C11 What is the relationship between symbol rate and baud?
  12. E8C12 What factors affect the bandwidth of a transmitted CW signal?
  13. E8C13 What is described by the constellation diagram of a QAM or QPSK signal?
  14. E8C14 What type of addresses do nodes have in a mesh network?
  15. E8C15 What technique do individual nodes use to form a mesh network?
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