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E2E12

OPERATING PROCEDURES · Operating methods: digital modes and procedures for HF

E2E12E2E →

How do ALE stations establish contact?

  1. AALE constantly scans a list of frequencies, activating the radio when the designated call sign is received
  2. BALE radios monitor an internet site for the frequency they are being paged on
  3. CALE radios send a constant tone code to establish a frequency for future use
  4. DALE radios activate when they hear their signal echoed by back scatter
Why Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) radios continuously scan a preset list of channels, listening for short digital bursts that carry station addresses (call signs). When a radio hears its own address on one of the scanned channels, it stops scanning, handshakes with the caller, and the link is established on whichever channel is currently propagating best. Stations also transmit periodic "soundings" so others can build a table of which channels reach them.
Watch out The internet-monitoring choice describes internet-linked systems like Winlink gateways or DMR networks, not ALE, which is designed to work entirely over HF radio with no outside infrastructure.
ALE = Automatic Link Establishment: scan the channel list, wake up when you hear your own call sign.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of E2E

  1. E2E01 Which of the following types of modulation is used for data emissions below 30 MHz?
  2. E2E02 Which of the following synchronizes WSJT-X digital mode transmit/receive timing?
  3. E2E03 To what does the "4" in FT4 refer?
  4. E2E04 Which of the following is characteristic of the FST4 mode?
  5. E2E05 Which of these digital modes does not support keyboard-to-keyboard operation?
  6. E2E06 What is the length of an FT8 transmission cycle?
  7. E2E07 How does Q65 differ from JT65?
  8. E2E08 Which of the following HF digital modes can be used to transfer binary files?
  9. E2E09 Which of the following HF digital modes uses variable-length character coding?
  10. E2E10 Which of these digital modes has the narrowest bandwidth?
  11. E2E11 What is the difference between direct FSK and audio FSK?
  12. E2E12 How do ALE stations establish contact?
  13. E2E13 Which of these digital modes has the highest data throughput under clear communication conditions?
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