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E2E02

OPERATING PROCEDURES · Operating methods: digital modes and procedures for HF

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Which of the following synchronizes WSJT-X digital mode transmit/receive timing?

  1. AAlignment of frequency shifts
  2. BSynchronization of computer clocks
  3. CSync-field transmission
  4. DSync-pulse timing
Why WSJT-X modes such as FT8, FT4, JT65 and WSPR use fixed transmit/receive sequences keyed to UTC, for example FT8's 15-second slots that begin at 0, 15, 30 and 45 seconds past the minute. The decoder expects the signal to start at a known instant, so each station's computer clock must be set accurately, typically within about a second, using an internet time service (NTP) or GPS. If your clock drifts, your transmissions land outside the slot and other stations cannot decode you.
Watch out Sync fields or sync pulses embedded in the transmission are how many other digital protocols, like packet or PACTOR, establish timing, but WSJT-X relies on external clock accuracy instead of an in-signal sync marker.
FT8 lives on the clock: keep your PC within a second of UTC or nobody decodes you.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of E2E

  1. E2E01 Which of the following types of modulation is used for data emissions below 30 MHz?
  2. E2E02 Which of the following synchronizes WSJT-X digital mode transmit/receive timing?
  3. E2E03 To what does the "4" in FT4 refer?
  4. E2E04 Which of the following is characteristic of the FST4 mode?
  5. E2E05 Which of these digital modes does not support keyboard-to-keyboard operation?
  6. E2E06 What is the length of an FT8 transmission cycle?
  7. E2E07 How does Q65 differ from JT65?
  8. E2E08 Which of the following HF digital modes can be used to transfer binary files?
  9. E2E09 Which of the following HF digital modes uses variable-length character coding?
  10. E2E10 Which of these digital modes has the narrowest bandwidth?
  11. E2E11 What is the difference between direct FSK and audio FSK?
  12. E2E12 How do ALE stations establish contact?
  13. E2E13 Which of these digital modes has the highest data throughput under clear communication conditions?
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