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G8C07

SIGNALS AND EMISSIONS · - Digital emission modes

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Which of the following narrow-band digital modes can receive signals with very low signal-to-noise ratios?

  1. AMSK144
  2. BFT8
  3. CAMTOR
  4. DMFSK32
Why FT8 is part of the WSJT-X weak-signal family, using 8-tone FSK in about 50 Hz of bandwidth with 15-second transmit/receive sequences and heavy forward error correction. That combination of narrow bandwidth, long integration time and coding lets the decoder pull callsigns and grid squares out of signals around -21 dB signal-to-noise ratio referenced to a 2500 Hz bandwidth, well below what the ear can hear. That is why FT8 works routinely with low power and compromise antennas.
Watch out MSK144 is also a WSJT-X mode but it is optimized for meteor scatter, sending very fast repeated messages to catch brief, relatively strong pings rather than digging into the noise; AMTOR and MFSK32 are keyboard/text modes that need a usable signal-to-noise ratio to copy.
FT8 = "Faint Transmissions": decodes about 21 dB below the noise. If the question says weakest signals, answer FT8.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of G8C

  1. G8C02 Which digital mode is used as a low-power beacon for assessing HF propagation?
  2. G8C03 What part of a packet radio frame contains the routing and handling information?
  3. G8C04 Which of the following describes Baudot code?
  4. G8C05 In an ARQ mode, what is meant by a NAK response to a transmitted packet?
  5. G8C06 What action results from a failure to exchange information due to excessive transmission attempts when using …
  6. G8C07 Which of the following narrow-band digital modes can receive signals with very low signal-to-noise ratios?
  7. G8C08 Which of the following statements is true about PSK31?
  8. G8C09 Which is true of mesh network microwave nodes?
  9. G8C10 How does forward error correction (FEC) allow the receiver to correct data errors?
  10. G8C11 How are the two separate frequencies of a Frequency Shift Keyed (FSK) signal identified?
  11. G8C12 Which type of code is used for sending characters in a PSK31 signal?
  12. G8C13 What is indicated on a waterfall display by one or more vertical lines on either side of a data mode or RTTY …
  13. G8C14 Which of the following describes a waterfall display?
  14. G8C15 What does an FT8 signal report of +3 mean?
  15. G8C16 Which of the following provide digital voice modes?
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