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G2E02

OPERATING PROCEDURES · - Digital mode operating procedures

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What is VARA?

  1. AA low signal-to-noise digital mode used for EME (moonbounce)
  2. BA digital protocol used with Winlink
  3. CA radio direction finding system used on VHF and UHF
  4. DA DX spotting system using a network of software defined radios
Why VARA is a software modem developed by EA5HVK that uses OFDM (many parallel subcarriers) to move data over HF, VHF and UHF. It is most commonly paired with Winlink, the radio email system, as a transport protocol alongside older modes like ARDOP and Pactor. VARA HF fits in about 2.3 kHz of SSB bandwidth and adapts its speed to channel conditions, which is why Winlink gateways widely support it.
Watch out The low signal-to-noise weak-signal mode used for EME is JT65 or Q65 from the WSJT-X family, not VARA; VARA is aimed at throughput, not digging signals out of the noise.
VARA and Winlink go together: think 'VARA carries the mail.'
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of G2E

  1. G2E01 Which mode is normally used when sending RTTY signals via AFSK with an SSB transmitter?
  2. G2E02 What is VARA?
  3. G2E03 What symptoms may result from other signals interfering with a PACTOR or VARA transmission?
  4. G2E04 Which of the following is good practice when choosing a transmitting frequency to answer a station calling CQ…
  5. G2E05 What is the standard sideband for JT65, JT9, FT4, or FT8 digital signal when using AFSK?
  6. G2E06 What is the most common frequency shift for RTTY emissions in the amateur HF bands?
  7. G2E07 Which of the following is required when using FT8?
  8. G2E08 In what segment of the 20-meter band are most digital mode operations commonly found?
  9. G2E09 How do you join a contact between two stations using the PACTOR protocol?
  10. G2E10 Which of the following is a way to establish contact with a digital messaging system gateway station?
  11. G2E11 What is the primary purpose of an Amateur Radio Emergency Data Network (AREDN) mesh network?
  12. G2E12 Which of the following describes Winlink?
  13. G2E13 What is another name for a Winlink Remote Message Server?
  14. G2E14 What could be wrong if you cannot decode an RTTY or other FSK signal even though it is apparently tuned in pr…
  15. G2E15 Which of the following is a common location for FT8?
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