Why Since the FCC's 2019 revision of its RF exposure rules, amateur stations lost their old categorical exemptions and every licensee must determine compliance with the MPE limits. The only blanket de minimis cutoff is in 1.1307(b)(3)(i)(A): a station whose time-averaged transmitter power is 1 milliwatt or less need not be evaluated. Anything above that tiny threshold, regardless of band, power or antenna type, is subject to the exposure rules and needs a station evaluation.
Watch out The old rules did have a power threshold for required evaluation that varied by band, which makes a fixed number like 500 watts PEP sound plausible, but that approach was eliminated; amateur stations were never exempt as a service, and antenna height alone determines nothing.
One milliwatt is the only free pass. Above 1 mW time-averaged, you evaluate.