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E8D03

SIGNALS AND EMISSIONS · Keying defects and overmodulation of digital signals; digital codes; spread spectrum

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Which describes spread spectrum frequency hopping?

  1. AIf interference is detected by the receiver, it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies
  2. BRF signals are clipped to generate a wide band of harmonics which provides redundancy to correct errors
  3. CA binary bit stream is used to shift the phase of an RF carrier very rapidly in a pseudorandom sequence
  4. DRapidly varying the frequency of a transmitted signal according to a pseudorandom sequence
Why In frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), the transmitter jumps its carrier from channel to channel many times per second following a pseudorandom hop pattern, and the receiver follows the same pattern in step. Because the sequence is pseudorandom, both ends can generate it from a shared key, so the signal looks like noise to anyone not synchronized. Spreading the energy over many channels also means narrowband interference only corrupts a few hops, which coding can recover.
Watch out The description of a binary bit stream rapidly shifting the carrier's phase is direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), the other main spread spectrum technique in the pool. A receiver telling the transmitter to change frequency is just adaptive channel selection, not spread spectrum, and clipping to make harmonics is a keying defect, not error correction.
Hopping = frequency changes; Direct sequence = phase changes. Both driven by a pseudorandom code.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of E8D

  1. E8D01 Why are received spread spectrum signals resistant to interference?
  2. E8D02 What spread spectrum communications technique uses a high-speed binary bit stream to shift the phase of an RF…
  3. E8D03 Which describes spread spectrum frequency hopping?
  4. E8D04 What is the primary effect of extremely short rise or fall time on a CW signal?
  5. E8D05 What is the most common method of reducing key clicks?
  6. E8D06 What is the advantage of including parity bits in ASCII characters?
  7. E8D07 What is a common cause of overmodulation of AFSK signals?
  8. E8D08 What parameter evaluates distortion of an AFSK signal caused by excessive input audio levels?
  9. E8D09 What is considered an acceptable maximum IMD level for an idling PSK signal?
  10. E8D10 What are some of the differences between the Baudot digital code and ASCII?
  11. E8D11 What is one advantage of using ASCII code for data communications?
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