What will be the output voltage of the circuit shown in Figure E7-3 if R1 is 1,000 ohms, RF is 10,000 ohms, and 0.23 volts DC is applied to the input?
Why Figure E7-3 is the standard inverting op-amp configuration: the signal enters through R1 to the inverting input and RF feeds back from the output to that same node. Its voltage gain is -RF/R1, so here -10,000/1,000 = -10. Multiplying by the 0.23 V input gives -2.3 V, the minus sign meaning the output is inverted relative to the input.
Watch out The choice showing +2.3 volts has the right magnitude but ignores the polarity inversion that comes from feeding the signal into the inverting (-) input; the 0.23 volt answers would require a gain of 1, which this resistor pair does not give.
Inverting amp: gain = -RF/R1. Ratio 10k/1k = 10, flip the sign, multiply the input.