When using a transceiver that displays the carrier frequency of phone signals, which of the following displayed frequencies represents the lowest frequency at which a properly adjusted LSB emission will be totally within the band?

1. AThe exact lower band edge
2. B300 Hz above the lower band edge
3. C1 kHz above the lower band edge
4. D3 kHz above the lower band edge

Which amateur stations may be operated under RACES rules?

1. AOnly those club stations licensed to Amateur Extra class operators
2. BAny FCC-licensed amateur station except a Technician class
3. CAny FCC-licensed amateur station certified by the responsible civil defense organization for the area served
4. DOnly stations meeting the FCC Part 97 technical standards for operation during an emergency

Under what situation may a station transmit third party communications while being automatically controlled?

1. ANever
2. BOnly when transmitting RTTY or data emissions
3. COnly when transmitting SSB or CW
4. DOn any mode approved by the National Telecommunication and Information Administration

Which of the following HF amateur bands include allocations for space stations?

1. A40 meters, 20 meters, 15 meters, and 10 meters
2. B30 meters, 17 meters, and 10 meters
3. COnly 10 meters
4. DSatellite operation is permitted on all HF bands

Who is responsible for the proper conduct and necessary supervision during an amateur operator license examination session?

1. AThe VEC coordinating the session
2. BThe designated monitoring VE
3. CEach administering VE
4. DOnly the VE session manager

Who may be the control operator of an auxiliary station?

1. AAny licensed amateur operator
2. BOnly Technician, General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class operators
3. COnly General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class operators
4. DOnly Amateur Extra class operators

How is an upload signal processed by an inverting linear transponder?

1. AThe signal is detected and remodulated on the reverse sideband
2. BThe signal is passed through a nonlinear filter
3. CThe signal is reduced to I and Q components, and the Q component is filtered out
4. DThe signal is mixed with a local oscillator signal and the difference product is transmitted

What is vestigial sideband modulation?

1. AAmplitude modulation in which one complete sideband and a portion of the other are transmitted
2. BA type of modulation in which one sideband is inverted
3. CNarrow-band FM modulation achieved by filtering one sideband from the audio before frequency modulating the carrier
4. DSpread spectrum modulation achieved by applying FM modulation following single sideband amplitude modulation

What type of equipment is commonly used to implement an amateur radio mesh network?

1. AA 2-meter VHF transceiver with a 1,200-baud modem
2. BA computer running EchoLink to provide interface from the radio to the internet
3. CA wireless router running custom firmware
4. DA 440 MHz transceiver with a 9,600-baud modem

What type of modulation is used by JT65?

1. AMultitone AFSK
2. BPSK
3. CRTTY
4. DQAM

Which of the following types of modulation is used for data emissions below 30 MHz?

1. ADTMF tones modulating an FM signal
2. BFSK
3. CPulse modulation
4. DSpread spectrum

What characterizes libration fading of an EME signal?

1. AA slow change in the pitch of the CW signal
2. BA fluttery, irregular fading
3. CA gradual loss of signal as the sun rises
4. DThe returning echo is several hertz lower in frequency than the transmitted signal

What type of polarization is supported by ground-wave propagation?

1. AVertical
2. BHorizontal
3. CCircular
4. DElliptical

Which of the following indicates the greatest solar flare intensity?

1. AClass A
2. BClass Z
3. CClass M
4. DClass X

Which trigger mode is most effective when using an oscilloscope to measure a linear power supply's output ripple?

1. ASingle-shot
2. BEdge
3. CLevel
4. DLine

Which of the following can be measured by a two-port vector network analyzer?

1. APhase noise
2. BFilter frequency response
3. CPulse rise time
4. DForward power

What does the MDS of a receiver represent?

1. AThe meter display sensitivity
2. BThe minimum discernible signal
3. CThe modulation distortion specification
4. DThe maximum detectable spectrum

What is the link margin in a system with a transmit power level of 10 W (+40 dBm), a system antenna gain of 10 dBi, a cable loss of 3 dB, a path loss of 136 dB, a receiver minimum discernable signal of -103 dBm, and a required signal-to-noise ratio of 6 dB?

1. A-8dB
2. B-14dB
3. C+8dB
4. D+14dB

What problem can occur when using an automatic notch filter (ANF) to remove interfering carriers while receiving CW signals?

1. ARemoval of the CW signal as well as the interfering carrier
2. BAny nearby signal passing through the DSP system will overwhelm the desired signal
3. CExcessive ringing
4. DAll these choices are correct

What is the magnitude of the impedance of a series RLC circuit at resonance?

1. AHigh, compared to the circuit resistance
2. BApproximately equal to capacitive reactance
3. CApproximately equal to inductive reactance
4. DApproximately equal to circuit resistance

What is the effect on the magnitude of pure reactance when it is converted to susceptance?

1. AIt is unchanged
2. BThe sign is reversed
3. CIt is shifted by 90 degrees
4. DIt is replaced by its reciprocal

Which of the following represents pure capacitive reactance of 100 ohms in rectangular notation?

1. A0 - j100
2. B0 + j100
3. C100 - j0
4. D100 + j0

Why is it important to keep lead lengths short for components used in circuits for VHF and above?

1. ATo increase the thermal time constant
2. BTo minimize inductive reactance
3. CTo maintain component lifetime
4. DAll these choices are correct

How does DC input impedance at the gate of a field-effect transistor (FET) compare with that of a bipolar transistor?

1. AThey are both low impedance
2. BAn FET has lower input impedance
3. CAn FET has higher input impedance
4. DThey are both high impedance

What is used to control the attenuation of RF signals by a PIN diode?

1. AForward DC bias current
2. BA variable RF reference voltage
3. CReverse voltage larger than the RF signal
4. DCapacitance of an RF coupling capacitor

Which of the following digital logic families has the lowest power consumption?

1. ASchottky TTL
2. BECL
3. CNMOS
4. DCMOS

What causes inductor saturation?

1. AOperation at too high a frequency
2. BSelecting a core with low permeability
3. COperation at excessive magnetic flux
4. DSelecting a core with excessive permittivity

Which is the most common input and output impedance of MMICs?

1. A50 ohms
2. B300 ohms
3. C450 ohms
4. D75 ohms

Why are optoisolators often used in conjunction with solid-state circuits that control 120 VAC circuits?

1. AOptoisolators provide a low-impedance link between a control circuit and a power circuit
2. BOptoisolators provide impedance matching between the control circuit and power circuit
3. COptoisolators provide an electrical isolation between a control circuit and the circuit being switched
4. DOptoisolators eliminate the effects of reflected light in the control circuit

What logical operation does an OR gate perform?

1. AIt produces a 1 at its output if any input is 1
2. BIt produces a 0 at its output if all inputs are 1
3. CIt produces a 0 at its output if some but not all inputs are 1
4. DIt produces a 1 at its output if all inputs are 0

What is the operating point of a Class A common emitter amplifier?

1. AApproximately halfway between saturation and cutoff
2. BApproximately halfway between the emitter voltage and the base voltage
3. CAt a point where the bias resistor equals the load resistor
4. DAt a point where the load line intersects the zero bias current curve

Which filter type has ripple in the passband and a sharp cutoff?

1. AA Butterworth filter
2. BAn active LC filter
3. CA passive op-amp filter
4. DA Chebyshev filter

How does a switchmode voltage regulator work?

1. ABy alternating the output between positive and negative voltages
2. BBy varying the duty cycle of pulses input to a filter
3. CBy varying the conductivity of a pass element
4. DBy switching between two Zener diode reference voltages

What are the principal frequencies that appear at the output of a mixer?

1. ATwo and four times the input frequency
2. BThe square root of the product of input frequencies
3. CThe two input frequencies along with their sum and difference frequencies
4. D1.414 and 0.707 times the input frequency

What is meant by "direct sampling" in software defined radios?

1. ASoftware is converted from source code to object code during operation of the receiver
2. BI and Q signals are generated by digital processing without the use of RF amplification
3. CIncoming RF is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter without being mixed with a local oscillator signal
4. DA switching mixer is used to generate I and Q signals directly from the RF input

What is an operational amplifier?

1. AA high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier with very high input impedance and very low output impedance
2. BA digital audio amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components external to the amplifier
3. CAn amplifier used to increase the average output of frequency modulated amateur signals to the legal limit
4. DA RF amplifier used in the UHF and microwave regions

Which of the following components can be used to reduce thermal drift in crystal oscillators?

1. ANP0 capacitors
2. BToroidal inductors
3. CWirewound resistors
4. DNon-inductive resistors

Which of the following is a measure of the quality of an analog-to-digital converter?

1. ATotal harmonic distortion
2. BPeak envelope power
3. CReciprocal mixing
4. DPower factor

What is the deviation ratio of an FM phone signal having a maximum frequency swing of plus or minus 5 kHz if the highest modulation frequency is 3 kHz?

1. A6
2. B0.167
3. C0.6
4. D1.67

How can data rate be increased without increasing bandwidth?

1. AIt is impossible
2. BIncreasing analog-to-digital conversion resolution
3. CUsing a more efficient digital code
4. DUsing forward error correction

What are some of the differences between the Baudot digital code and ASCII?

1. ABaudot uses 4 data bits per character, ASCII uses 7 or 8; Baudot uses 1 character as a letters/figures shift code, ASCII has no letters/figures code
2. BBaudot uses 5 data bits per character, ASCII uses 7 or 8; Baudot uses 2 characters as letters/figures shift codes, ASCII has no letters/figures shift code
3. CBaudot uses 6 data bits per character, ASCII uses 7 or 8; Baudot has no letters/figures shift code, ASCII uses 2 letters/figures shift codes
4. DBaudot uses 7 data bits per character, ASCII uses 8; Baudot has no letters/figures shift code, ASCII uses 2 letters/figures shift codes

What is the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of a repeater station with 200 watts transmitter power output, 2 dB feed line loss, 2.8 dB duplexer loss, 1.2 dB circulator loss, and 7 dBi antenna gain?

1. A159 watts
2. B252 watts
3. C632 watts
4. D63.2 watts

What is the front-to-back ratio of the radiation pattern shown in Figure E92?

1. A15 dB
2. B28 dB
3. C3 dB
4. D38 dB

How does the radiation pattern of a horizontally-polarized antenna mounted above a long slope compare with the same antenna mounted above flat ground?

1. AThe main lobe takeoff angle increases in the downhill direction
2. BThe main lobe takeoff angle decreases in the downhill direction
3. CThe horizontal beamwidth decreases in the downhill direction
4. DThe horizontal beamwidth increases in the uphill direction

How much does the gain of an ideal parabolic reflector antenna increase when the operating frequency is doubled?

1. A2 dB
2. B3 dB
3. C4 dB
4. D6 dB

Which of the following is used to shunt feed a grounded tower at its base?

1. ADouble-bazooka match
2. BBeta or hairpin match
3. CGamma match
4. DAll these choices are correct

What impedance does a 1/8-wavelength transmission line present to an RF generator when the line is shorted at the far end?

1. AA capacitive reactance
2. BThe same as the characteristic impedance of the line
3. CAn inductive reactance
4. DZero

On the Smith chart shown in Figure E9-3, what is the only straight line shown?

1. AThe reactance axis
2. BThe current axis
3. CThe voltage axis
4. DThe resistance axis

What is the function of a Beverage antenna's termination resistor?

1. AIncrease the front-to-side ratio
2. BAbsorb signals from the reverse direction
3. CDecrease SWR bandwidth
4. DEliminate harmonic reception

What hazard is created by operating at microwave frequencies?

1. AMicrowaves are ionizing radiation
2. BThe high gain antennas commonly used can result in high exposure levels
3. CMicrowaves are in the frequency range where wave velocity is higher
4. DThe extremely high frequency energy can damage the joints of antenna structures